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Mir-133 microRNA precursor family
mir-133 is a type of non-coding RNA called a microRNA that was first experimentally characterised in mice. Homologues have since been discovered in several other species including invertebrates such as the fruitfly ''Drosophila melanogaster''. Each species often encodes multiple microRNAs with identical or similar mature sequence. For example, in the human genome there are three known miR-133 genes: miR-133a-1, miR-133a-2 and miR-133b found on chromosomes 18, 20 and 6 respectively. The mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of the hairpin. miR-133 is expressed in muscle tissue and appears to repress the expression of non-muscle genes.
== Regulation ==
It is proposed that Insulin activates the translocation of SREBP-1c (BHLH) active form from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the nucleus and, concomittantly, induces SREPB-1c expression via PI3K signaling pathway. SREBP-1c mediates MEF2C downregulation through a mechanism that remains to be determined. As a consequence of lower MEF2C binding on their enhancer region, the transcription of miR-1 and miR-133a is reduced, leading to decreased levels of their mature forms in muscle, after insulin treatment. Altered activation of PI3K and SREBP-1c may explain the defective regulation of miR-1 and miR-133a expression in response to insulin in muscle of type 2 diabetic patients.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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